21. Majapahit - Empire of the Islands

Beneath the shade of an Indonesian teak forest, a great brick gateway stands in ruins... In this episode, I want to tell the story of the Majapahit Empire of medieval Indonesia. I want to show how this empire of the islands grew up on the volcanic island of Java, and how it beat the odds to survive in a world of medieval superpowers. I want to show how Majapahit expanded its influence and dominion to other lands, and undertook voyages that have few precedents in history. And I want to show what happened to bring this empire of the islands finally crashing down... SOURCES: https://www.patreon.com/fallofcivilizations_podcast/posts/sources-for-21-165265269 Voice Actors -------------- Henry Stenhouse Michael Hajiantonis Alexandra Boulton Simon Jackson Catherine James Tom Marshall-Lee Chris Harvey Jack Jacobs Nick Denton Amrit Sandhu Paul Casselle Tim Stephenson Ameen Taher Readings in Old and Middle Javanese were performed by Ferry Sanjaya and Kadha Aditya. Historical advisor: Dr Alex West Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCT6Y5JJPKe_JDMivpKgVXew/join Chapters 00:00 – Intro 00:13:12 – Part I – Nusantara 00:14:09 – The Pacific Ring of Fire 00:19:25 – A World of Islands 00:23:11 – The Island of Java 00:26:23 – Java in the Ancient World 00:28:43 – Climate and Geography of Java 00:30:01 – Early Kingdoms of Java 00:32:35 – Part II – A Prayer in Stone 00:33:13 – The Mataram Kingdom 00:34:18 – Mataram as a Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom 00:36:51 – Candrasengkala and Javanese Year Names 00:40:32 – Borobudur 00:44:55 – Daily life in the Borobudur Reliefs 00:49:04 – The Borobudur Ships 00:57:02 – Voyages of discovery 01:00:28 – Madagascar 01:05:10 – The Fall of Mataram 01:15:33 – Part III – Kingdom of the Lion 01:17:09 – Ken Angrok 01:25:16 – Javanese Shadow Puppets 01:34:14 – The Malacca Strait 01:38:57 – Part IV – The Bitter Fruit 01:39:35 – The Yuan Dynasty of China 01:43:36 – King Kertanegara’s Gamble 01:47:10 – Jayakatong’s Rebellion 01:51:56 – Raden Wijaya 01:54:06 – Alcohol in Javanese Culture 01:56:05 – The Death of King Kertanegara 02:04:04 – The Mongols Arrive in Java 02:18:37 – Part V – The Raging Elephant 02:20:30 – Gajah Mada the Mahapatih 02:22:48 – Odoric of Pordenone 02:28:38 – Dyah Gayatri 02:31:34 – The Death of Jayanegara 02:37:30 – Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi 02:39:57 – Gajah Mada’s Palapa Oath 02:45:43 – Hayam Wuruk Comes to the Throne 02:48:26 – The Royal Capital 02:50:14 – Prapanca Writes the Deshawarnana 02:54:54 – The Maluku or Spice Islands 02:57:36 – The Djongs of Majapahit 03:02:36 – Part VI – The Mandala of Kings 03:05:19 – Mandala Empires in Southeast Asia 03:08:54 – The Downfall of Adityavarman 03:14:11 – The Death of Hayam Wuruk 03:18:38 – Part VII – The Reg-Reg War 03:25:21 - The Yongle Emperor 03:28:55 – The Ming Treasure Fleet 03:29:24 – Admiral Zheng He 03:41:27 – Battle of Palembang 03:47:04 – The Rise of Muslim Malacca 03:55:32 – Queen Suhita 04:01:06 – Part VIII – Downfall 04:07:28 – Raden Patah Marches on Majapahit 04:12:35 – The Hindu-Buddhists Flee to Bali 04:17:14 – The New Age of Empires 04:21:39 – The Library of Karangasem 04:25:09 – Final Poem – The Siwaratri Kalpa 04:29:07 - Credits